This drawing shows Mars Global Surveyor taking measurements as it flew through the ionosphere of Mars during an early aerobraking pass. The orbit is shown by the dashed line. The ionosphere is shown by the shaded region circling the planet (not to scale).
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Image from: NASA/JPL
Aerobraking
Aerobraking slowed the
Mars Global Surveyor down when it reached Mars. Aerobraking also helped MGS to get into the right orbit for mapping the surface of
Mars. Aerobraking means that the MGS flew through the
atmosphere every time it came close to the planet. The drag on the spacecraft produced by the atmosphere slowed the spacecraft down. This action is kind of like a person running through a swimming pool. The water slows the person down.
Surveyor reached Mars in September 1997. Aerobraking helped Surveyor reach the right orbit by February 1999.
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