This is an image of the Moon showing various minerals found on the surface.
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NASA

Evidence about the Formation of the Moon

Any successful theory must account for everything we know about the Moon now. Those things include
  • the moon seems to be made of the same material as the Earth's upper mantle.
    • the Moon has little or no iron in it, and is composed of material unlike the composition of the Earth as a whole.
  • the moon is rounded in shape, like the other planets and not like an asteriod or comet
  • the moon orbits in the same direction as the Earth
  • the Moon is located in the same plane as the Earth (the ecliptic plane)
  • theory suggests that the Moon seems to have drifted away from the Earth over the length of geologic history.
    • this means that the Moon was once much closer to the Earth
    • this means that the Moon was once bigger in the sky and much brighter than at present

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